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NAME
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pic, tpic – troff and tex preprocessors for drawing pictures
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SYNOPSIS
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pic [ files ]
tpic [ files ]
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DESCRIPTION
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Pic is a troff(1) preprocessor for drawing figures on a typesetter.
Pic code is contained between .PS and .PE lines:
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.PS optional-width optional-height
element-list
.PE
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or in a file mentioned in a .PS line:
If optional-width is present, the picture is made that many inches
wide, regardless of any dimensions used internally. The height
is scaled in the same proportion unless optional-height is present.
If .PF is used instead of .PE, the typesetting position after
printing is restored to what it was upon entry.
An element-list is a list of elements:
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primitive attribute-list
placename : element
placename : position
var = expr
direction
{ element-list }
[ element-list ]
for var = expr to expr by expr do { anything }
if expr then { anything } else { anything }
copy file, copy thru macro, copy file thru macro
sh { commandline }
print expr
reset optional var-list
troff-command
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Elements are separated by newlines or semicolons; a long element
may be continued by ending the line with a backslash. Comments
are introduced by a # and terminated by a newline. Variable names
begin with a lower case letter; place names begin with upper case.
Place and variable names retain their values from one picture
to the next.
After each primitive the current position moves in the current
direction (up,down, left,right (default)) by the size of the primitive.
The current position and direction are saved upon entry to a {...}
block and restored upon exit. Elements within a block enclosed
in [...] are treated as a unit; the dimensions are determined
by the extreme points of the
contained objects. Names, variables, and direction of motion within
a block are local to that block.
Troff-command is any line that begins with a period. Such a line
is assumed to make sense in the context where it appears; generally,
this means only size and font changes.
The primitive objects are:
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box circle ellipse arc line arrow spline move text-list
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arrow is a synonym for line −>.
An attribute-list is a sequence of zero or more attributes; each
attribute consists of a keyword, perhaps followed by a value.
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h(eigh)t expr wid(th) expr
rad(ius) expr diam(eter) expr
up opt-expr down opt-expr
right opt-expr left opt-expr
from position to position
at position with corner
by expr, expr then
dotted opt-expr dashed opt-expr
chop opt-expr −> <− <−>
invis same
fill opt-expr
text-list expr
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Missing attributes and values are filled in from defaults. Not
all attributes make sense for all primitives; irrelevant ones
are silently ignored. The attribute at causes the geometrical
center to be put at the specified place; with causes the position
on the object to be put at the specified place. For lines, splines
and arcs, height and width refer to
arrowhead size. A bare expr implies motion in the current direction.
Text is normally an attribute of some primitive; by default it
is placed at the geometrical center of the object. Stand-alone
text is also permitted. A text list is a list of text items:
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text-item:
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positioning ...
sprintf("format", expr, ...) positioning ...
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positioning:
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center ljust rjust above below
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If there are multiple text items for some primitive, they are
arranged vertically and centered except as qualified. Positioning
requests apply to each item independently. Text items may contain
troff commands for size and font changes, local motions, etc.,
but make sure that these are balanced so that the entering state
is restored before exiting.
A position is ultimately an x,y coordinate pair, but it may be
specified in other ways.
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position:
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expr, expr
place ± expr, expr
place ± ( expr, expr )
( position, position ) x from one, y the other
expr [of the way] between position and position
expr < position , position >
( position )
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place:
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placename optional-corner
corner of placename
nth primitive optional-corner
corner of nth primitive
Here
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An optional-corner is one of the eight compass points or the center
or the start or end of a primitive.
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optional-corner:
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.n .e .w .s .ne .se .nw .sw .c .start .end
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corner:
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top bot left right start end
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Each object in a picture has an ordinal number; nth refers to
this.
The built-in variables and their default values are:
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boxwid 0.75 boxht 0.5
circlerad 0.25 arcrad 0.25
ellipsewid 0.75 ellipseht 0.5
linewid 0.5 lineht 0.5
movewid 0.5 moveht 0.5
textwid 0 textht 0
arrowwid 0.05 arrowht 0.1
dashwid 0.1 arrowhead 2
scale 1
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These may be changed at any time, and the new values remain in
force from picture to picture until changed again or reset by
a reset statement. Variables changed within [ and ] revert to
their previous value upon exit from the block. Dimensions are
divided by scale during output.
Expressions in pic are evaluated in floating point. All numbers
representing dimensions are taken to be in inches.
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expr:
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expr op expr
− expr
! expr
( expr )
variable
number
place .x place .y place .ht place .wid place .rad
sin(expr) cos(expr) atan2(expr,expr) log(expr) exp(expr)
sqrt(expr) max(expr,expr) min(expr,expr) int(expr) rand()
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op:
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+ − * / % < <= > >= == != && ||
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The define and undef statements are not part of the grammar.
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define name { replacement text }
undef name
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Occurrences of $1, $2, etc., in the replacement text will be replaced
by the corresponding arguments if name is invoked as
Non-existent arguments are replaced by null strings. Replacement
text may contain newlines. The undef statement removes the definition
of a macro.
Tpic is a tex(1) preprocessor that accepts pic language. It produces
Tex commands that define a box called \graph, which contains the
picture. The box may be output this way:
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EXAMPLES
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arrow "input" above; box "process"; arrow "output" above
move
A: ellipse
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circle rad .1 with .w at A.e
circle rad .05 at 0.5 <A.c, A.ne>
circle rad .065 at 0.5 <A.c, A.ne>
spline from last circle.nw left .25 then left .05 down .05
arc from A.c to A.se rad 0.5
for i = 1 to 10 do { line from A.s+.025*i,.01*i down i/50 }
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arrow "input" above; box "process"; arrow "output" above move A: ellipse
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circle rad .1 with .w at A.e
circle rad .05 at 0.5 <A.c, A.ne>
circle rad .065 at 0.5 <A.c, A.ne>
spline from last circle.nw left .25 then left .05 down .05
arc from A.c to A.se rad 0.5
for i = 1 to 10 do { line from A.s+.025*i,.01*i down i/50 }
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SOURCE
SEE ALSO
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grap(1), doctype(1), troff(1)
B. W. Kernighan, “PIC--a Graphics Language for Typesetting”, Unix
Research System Programmer’s Manual, Tenth Edition, Volume 2
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